Analytics using Ultralytics YOLOv8

Introduction

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of three fundamental types of data visualizations: line graphs, bar plots, and pie charts. Each section includes step-by-step instructions and code snippets on how to create these visualizations using Python.

Visual Samples

Line Graph	Bar Plot	Pie Chart

Why Graphs are Important

Line graphs are ideal for tracking changes over short and long periods and for comparing changes for multiple groups over the same period.
Bar plots, on the other hand, are suitable for comparing quantities across different categories and showing relationships between a category and its numerical value.
Lastly, pie charts are effective for illustrating proportions among categories and showing parts of a whole.

Analytics Examples

Line GraphMultiple LinesPie ChartBar PlotArea chart

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))

out = cv2.VideoWriter("line_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="line",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
)
total_counts = 0
frame_count = 0

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()

    if success:
        frame_count += 1
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True, verbose=True)

        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            for box in boxes:
                total_counts += 1

        analytics.update_line(frame_count, total_counts)

        total_counts = 0
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))
out = cv2.VideoWriter("multiple_line_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="line",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
    max_points=200,
)

frame_count = 0
data = {}
labels = []

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()

    if success:
        frame_count += 1

        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)

        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            track_ids = results[0].boxes.id.int().cpu().tolist()
            clss = results[0].boxes.cls.cpu().tolist()

            for box, track_id, cls in zip(boxes, track_ids, clss):
                # Store each class label
                if model.names[int(cls)] not in labels:
                    labels.append(model.names[int(cls)])

                # Store each class count
                if model.names[int(cls)] in data:
                    data[model.names[int(cls)]] += 1
                else:
                    data[model.names[int(cls)]] = 0

        # update lines every frame
        analytics.update_multiple_lines(data, labels, frame_count)
        data = {}  # clear the data list for next frame
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))

out = cv2.VideoWriter("pie_chart.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="pie",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
)

clswise_count = {}

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True, verbose=True)
        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            clss = results[0].boxes.cls.cpu().tolist()
            for box, cls in zip(boxes, clss):
                if model.names[int(cls)] in clswise_count:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] += 1
                else:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] = 1

            analytics.update_pie(clswise_count)
            clswise_count = {}

        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))

out = cv2.VideoWriter("bar_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="bar",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
)

clswise_count = {}

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True, verbose=True)
        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            clss = results[0].boxes.cls.cpu().tolist()
            for box, cls in zip(boxes, clss):
                if model.names[int(cls)] in clswise_count:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] += 1
                else:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] = 1

            analytics.update_bar(clswise_count)
            clswise_count = {}

        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))

out = cv2.VideoWriter("area_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="area",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
)

clswise_count = {}
frame_count = 0

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        frame_count += 1
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True, verbose=True)

        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            clss = results[0].boxes.cls.cpu().tolist()

            for box, cls in zip(boxes, clss):
                if model.names[int(cls)] in clswise_count:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] += 1
                else:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] = 1

        analytics.update_area(frame_count, clswise_count)
        clswise_count = {}
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Argument `Analytics`

Here's a table with the Analytics arguments:

Name	Type	Default	Description
`type`	`str`	`None`	Type of data or object.
`im0_shape`	`tuple`	`None`	Shape of the initial image.
`writer`	`cv2.VideoWriter`	`None`	Object for writing video files.
`title`	`str`	`ultralytics`	Title for the visualization.
`x_label`	`str`	`x`	Label for the x-axis.
`y_label`	`str`	`y`	Label for the y-axis.
`bg_color`	`str`	`white`	Background color.
`fg_color`	`str`	`black`	Foreground color.
`line_color`	`str`	`yellow`	Color of the lines.
`line_width`	`int`	`2`	Width of the lines.
`fontsize`	`int`	`13`	Font size for text.
`view_img`	`bool`	`False`	Flag to display the image or video.
`save_img`	`bool`	`True`	Flag to save the image or video.
`max_points`	`int`	`50`	For multiple lines, total points drawn on frame, before deleting initial points.
`points_width`	`int`	`15`	Width of line points highlighter.

Arguments `model.track`

Name	Type	Default	Description
`source`	`im0`	`None`	source directory for images or videos
`persist`	`bool`	`False`	persisting tracks between frames
`tracker`	`str`	`botsort.yaml`	Tracking method 'bytetrack' or 'botsort'
`conf`	`float`	`0.3`	Confidence Threshold
`iou`	`float`	`0.5`	IOU Threshold
`classes`	`list`	`None`	filter results by class, i.e. classes=0, or classes=[0,2,3]
`verbose`	`bool`	`True`	Display the object tracking results

Conclusion

Understanding when and how to use different types of visualizations is crucial for effective data analysis. Line graphs, bar plots, and pie charts are fundamental tools that can help you convey your data's story more clearly and effectively.

FAQ

How do I create a line graph using Ultralytics YOLOv8 Analytics?

To create a line graph using Ultralytics YOLOv8 Analytics, follow these steps:

Load a YOLOv8 model and open your video file.
Initialize the Analytics class with the type set to "line."
Iterate through video frames, updating the line graph with relevant data, such as object counts per frame.
Save the output video displaying the line graph.

Example:

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")
cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
out = cv2.VideoWriter("line_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(type="line", writer=out, im0_shape=(w, h), view_img=True)

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)
        total_counts = sum([1 for box in results[0].boxes.xyxy])
        analytics.update_line(frame_count, total_counts)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

For further details on configuring the Analytics class, visit the Analytics using Ultralytics YOLOv8 📊 section.

What are the benefits of using Ultralytics YOLOv8 for creating bar plots?

Using Ultralytics YOLOv8 for creating bar plots offers several benefits:

Real-time Data Visualization: Seamlessly integrate object detection results into bar plots for dynamic updates.
Ease of Use: Simple API and functions make it straightforward to implement and visualize data.
Customization: Customize titles, labels, colors, and more to fit your specific requirements.
Efficiency: Efficiently handle large amounts of data and update plots in real-time during video processing.

Use the following example to generate a bar plot:

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")
cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
out = cv2.VideoWriter("bar_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(type="bar", writer=out, im0_shape=(w, h), view_img=True)

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)
        clswise_count = {
            model.names[int(cls)]: boxes.size(0)
            for cls, boxes in zip(results[0].boxes.cls.tolist(), results[0].boxes.xyxy)
        }
        analytics.update_bar(clswise_count)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

To learn more, visit the Bar Plot section in the guide.

Why should I use Ultralytics YOLOv8 for creating pie charts in my data visualization projects?

Ultralytics YOLOv8 is an excellent choice for creating pie charts because:

Integration with Object Detection: Directly integrate object detection results into pie charts for immediate insights.
User-Friendly API: Simple to set up and use with minimal code.
Customizable: Various customization options for colors, labels, and more.
Real-time Updates: Handle and visualize data in real-time, which is ideal for video analytics projects.

Here's a quick example:

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")
cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
out = cv2.VideoWriter("pie_chart.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(type="pie", writer=out, im0_shape=(w, h), view_img=True)

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)
        clswise_count = {
            model.names[int(cls)]: boxes.size(0)
            for cls, boxes in zip(results[0].boxes.cls.tolist(), results[0].boxes.xyxy)
        }
        analytics.update_pie(clswise_count)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

For more information, refer to the Pie Chart section in the guide.

Can Ultralytics YOLOv8 be used to track objects and dynamically update visualizations?

Yes, Ultralytics YOLOv8 can be used to track objects and dynamically update visualizations. It supports tracking multiple objects in real-time and can update various visualizations like line graphs, bar plots, and pie charts based on the tracked objects' data.

Example for tracking and updating a line graph:

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")
cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
out = cv2.VideoWriter("line_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(type="line", writer=out, im0_shape=(w, h), view_img=True)

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)
        total_counts = sum([1 for box in results[0].boxes.xyxy])
        analytics.update_line(frame_count, total_counts)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

To learn about the complete functionality, see the Tracking section.

What makes Ultralytics YOLOv8 different from other object detection solutions like OpenCV and TensorFlow?

Ultralytics YOLOv8 stands out from other object detection solutions like OpenCV and TensorFlow for multiple reasons:

State-of-the-art Accuracy: YOLOv8 provides superior accuracy in object detection, segmentation, and classification tasks.
Ease of Use: User-friendly API allows for quick implementation and integration without extensive coding.
Real-time Performance: Optimized for high-speed inference, suitable for real-time applications.
Diverse Applications: Supports various tasks including multi-object tracking, custom model training, and exporting to different formats like ONNX, TensorRT, and CoreML.
Comprehensive Documentation: Extensive documentation and blog resources to guide users through every step.

For more detailed comparisons and use cases, explore our Ultralytics Blog.

Created 2024-05-23, Updated 2024-07-05
Authors: glenn-jocher (4), IvorZhu331 (1), RizwanMunawar (3)