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xView 数据集

xView数据集是可公开获取的最大高空图像数据集之一，包含使用边界框注释的世界各地复杂场景的图像。xView 数据集的目标是加速四个计算机视觉前沿领域的进展：

  1. 降低检测的最小分辨率。
  2. 提高学习效率。
  3. 可发现更多对象类别。
  4. 改进对细粒度类别的检测。

xView 以 "上下文中的常见物体"（COCO）等挑战项目的成功为基础，旨在利用计算机视觉来分析日益增多的太空图像，从而以全新的方式理解视觉世界，并解决一系列重要应用问题。

主要功能

  • xView 包含 60 个类别的 100 多万个对象实例。
  • 该数据集的分辨率为 0.3 米，提供的图像分辨率高于大多数公共卫星图像数据集。
  • xView 包含各种小型、稀有、细粒度和多类型的对象，并带有边界框注释。
  • 附带使用TensorFlow 对象检测应用程序接口预训练的基线模型和一个用于PyTorch 的示例。

数据集结构

xView 数据集由 WorldView-3 卫星以 0.3 米的地面采样距离采集的卫星图像组成。它包含 60 个类别的 100 多万个物体，图像面积超过 1,400 平方公里。

应用

xView 数据集被广泛用于训练和评估高空图像中物体检测的深度学习模型。该数据集包含多种物体类别和高分辨率图像，是计算机视觉领域研究人员和从业人员的宝贵资源，尤其适用于卫星图像分析。

数据集 YAML

YAML（另一种标记语言）文件用于定义数据集配置。它包含数据集的路径、类和其他相关信息。就 xView 数据集而言，YAML 文件中的 xView.yaml 文件保存在 https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/xView.yaml.

ultralytics/cfg/datasets/xView.yaml

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# DIUx xView 2018 Challenge https://challenge.xviewdataset.org by U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
# --------  DOWNLOAD DATA MANUALLY and jar xf val_images.zip to 'datasets/xView' before running train command!  --------
# Documentation: https://docs.ultralytics.com/datasets/detect/xview/
# Example usage: yolo train data=xView.yaml
# parent
# ├── ultralytics
# └── datasets
#     └── xView  ← downloads here (20.7 GB)

# Train/val/test sets as 1) dir: path/to/imgs, 2) file: path/to/imgs.txt, or 3) list: [path/to/imgs1, path/to/imgs2, ..]
path: ../datasets/xView # dataset root dir
train: images/autosplit_train.txt # train images (relative to 'path') 90% of 847 train images
val: images/autosplit_val.txt # train images (relative to 'path') 10% of 847 train images

# Classes
names:
  0: Fixed-wing Aircraft
  1: Small Aircraft
  2: Cargo Plane
  3: Helicopter
  4: Passenger Vehicle
  5: Small Car
  6: Bus
  7: Pickup Truck
  8: Utility Truck
  9: Truck
  10: Cargo Truck
  11: Truck w/Box
  12: Truck Tractor
  13: Trailer
  14: Truck w/Flatbed
  15: Truck w/Liquid
  16: Crane Truck
  17: Railway Vehicle
  18: Passenger Car
  19: Cargo Car
  20: Flat Car
  21: Tank car
  22: Locomotive
  23: Maritime Vessel
  24: Motorboat
  25: Sailboat
  26: Tugboat
  27: Barge
  28: Fishing Vessel
  29: Ferry
  30: Yacht
  31: Container Ship
  32: Oil Tanker
  33: Engineering Vehicle
  34: Tower crane
  35: Container Crane
  36: Reach Stacker
  37: Straddle Carrier
  38: Mobile Crane
  39: Dump Truck
  40: Haul Truck
  41: Scraper/Tractor
  42: Front loader/Bulldozer
  43: Excavator
  44: Cement Mixer
  45: Ground Grader
  46: Hut/Tent
  47: Shed
  48: Building
  49: Aircraft Hangar
  50: Damaged Building
  51: Facility
  52: Construction Site
  53: Vehicle Lot
  54: Helipad
  55: Storage Tank
  56: Shipping container lot
  57: Shipping Container
  58: Pylon
  59: Tower

# Download script/URL (optional) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
download: |
  import json
  import os
  from pathlib import Path

  import numpy as np
  from PIL import Image
  from tqdm import tqdm

  from ultralytics.data.utils import autosplit
  from ultralytics.utils.ops import xyxy2xywhn


  def convert_labels(fname=Path('xView/xView_train.geojson')):
      # Convert xView geoJSON labels to YOLO format
      path = fname.parent
      with open(fname) as f:
          print(f'Loading {fname}...')
          data = json.load(f)

      # Make dirs
      labels = Path(path / 'labels' / 'train')
      os.system(f'rm -rf {labels}')
      labels.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

      # xView classes 11-94 to 0-59
      xview_class2index = [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, -1, 3, -1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, -1, 9, 10, 11,
                           12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, -1, 23, 24, 25, -1, 26, 27, -1, 28, -1,
                           29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, -1, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, -1, -1, -1, -1, 46,
                           47, 48, 49, -1, 50, 51, -1, 52, -1, -1, -1, 53, 54, -1, 55, -1, -1, 56, -1, 57, -1, 58, 59]

      shapes = {}
      for feature in tqdm(data['features'], desc=f'Converting {fname}'):
          p = feature['properties']
          if p['bounds_imcoords']:
              id = p['image_id']
              file = path / 'train_images' / id
              if file.exists():  # 1395.tif missing
                  try:
                      box = np.array([int(num) for num in p['bounds_imcoords'].split(",")])
                      assert box.shape[0] == 4, f'incorrect box shape {box.shape[0]}'
                      cls = p['type_id']
                      cls = xview_class2index[int(cls)]  # xView class to 0-60
                      assert 59 >= cls >= 0, f'incorrect class index {cls}'

                      # Write YOLO label
                      if id not in shapes:
                          shapes[id] = Image.open(file).size
                      box = xyxy2xywhn(box[None].astype(np.float), w=shapes[id][0], h=shapes[id][1], clip=True)
                      with open((labels / id).with_suffix('.txt'), 'a') as f:
                          f.write(f"{cls} {' '.join(f'{x:.6f}' for x in box[0])}\n")  # write label.txt
                  except Exception as e:
                      print(f'WARNING: skipping one label for {file}: {e}')


  # Download manually from https://challenge.xviewdataset.org
  dir = Path(yaml['path'])  # dataset root dir
  # urls = ['https://d307kc0mrhucc3.cloudfront.net/train_labels.zip',  # train labels
  #         'https://d307kc0mrhucc3.cloudfront.net/train_images.zip',  # 15G, 847 train images
  #         'https://d307kc0mrhucc3.cloudfront.net/val_images.zip']  # 5G, 282 val images (no labels)
  # download(urls, dir=dir)

  # Convert labels
  convert_labels(dir / 'xView_train.geojson')

  # Move images
  images = Path(dir / 'images')
  images.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
  Path(dir / 'train_images').rename(dir / 'images' / 'train')
  Path(dir / 'val_images').rename(dir / 'images' / 'val')

  # Split
  autosplit(dir / 'images' / 'train')

使用方法

要在图像大小为 640 的 xView 数据集上训练模型 100 次，可以使用以下代码片段。有关可用参数的完整列表，请参阅模型训练页面。

列车示例

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load a model
model = YOLO('yolov8n.pt')  # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)

# Train the model
results = model.train(data='xView.yaml', epochs=100, imgsz=640)

# Start training from a pretrained *.pt model
yolo detect train data=xView.yaml model=yolov8n.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640

样本数据和注释

xView 数据集包含高分辨率卫星图像，其中的各种对象都使用边界框进行了注释。下面是数据集中的一些数据示例及其相应的注释：

数据集样本图像

  • 高空图像：该图像展示了在高空图像中进行物体检测的一个示例，其中的物体都标注了边界框。该数据集提供了高分辨率的卫星图像，有助于为这项任务开发模型。

该示例展示了 xView 数据集中数据的多样性和复杂性，并强调了高质量卫星图像对物体探测任务的重要性。

引文和致谢

如果您在研究或开发工作中使用 xView 数据集，请引用以下论文：

@misc{lam2018xview,
      title={xView: Objects in Context in Overhead Imagery},
      author={Darius Lam and Richard Kuzma and Kevin McGee and Samuel Dooley and Michael Laielli and Matthew Klaric and Yaroslav Bulatov and Brendan McCord},
      year={2018},
      eprint={1802.07856},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV}
}

我们衷心感谢国防创新部门（DIU）和 xView 数据集创建者为计算机视觉研究界做出的宝贵贡献。有关 xView 数据集及其创建者的更多信息，请访问xView 数据集网站。



创建于 2023-11-12，更新于 2023-11-22
作者:glenn-jocher(3),Laughing-q(1)

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