使用Ultralytics YOLOv8 进行分析 📊

导言

本指南全面介绍了三种基本的数据可视化类型：折线图、条形图和饼图。每一部分都包含如何使用Python 创建这些可视化数据的分步说明和代码片段。

视觉样本

折线图	条形图	饼图

图表为何重要

折线图是跟踪短期和长期变化以及比较同一时期多组变化的理想工具。
条形图则适用于比较不同类别的数量，并显示类别与其数值之间的关系。
最后，饼图可以有效地说明不同类别之间的比例，并显示整体的各个部分。

分析实例

折线图Multiple Lines饼图条形图Area chart

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))

out = cv2.VideoWriter("line_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="line",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
)
total_counts = 0
frame_count = 0

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()

    if success:
        frame_count += 1
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True, verbose=True)

        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            for box in boxes:
                total_counts += 1

        analytics.update_line(frame_count, total_counts)

        total_counts = 0
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))
out = cv2.VideoWriter("multiple_line_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="line",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
    max_points=200,
)

frame_count = 0
data = {}
labels = []

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()

    if success:
        frame_count += 1

        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)

        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            track_ids = results[0].boxes.id.int().cpu().tolist()
            clss = results[0].boxes.cls.cpu().tolist()

            for box, track_id, cls in zip(boxes, track_ids, clss):
                # Store each class label
                if model.names[int(cls)] not in labels:
                    labels.append(model.names[int(cls)])

                # Store each class count
                if model.names[int(cls)] in data:
                    data[model.names[int(cls)]] += 1
                else:
                    data[model.names[int(cls)]] = 0

        # update lines every frame
        analytics.update_multiple_lines(data, labels, frame_count)
        data = {}  # clear the data list for next frame
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))

out = cv2.VideoWriter("pie_chart.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="pie",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
)

clswise_count = {}

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True, verbose=True)
        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            clss = results[0].boxes.cls.cpu().tolist()
            for box, cls in zip(boxes, clss):
                if model.names[int(cls)] in clswise_count:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] += 1
                else:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] = 1

            analytics.update_pie(clswise_count)
            clswise_count = {}

        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))

out = cv2.VideoWriter("bar_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="bar",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
)

clswise_count = {}

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True, verbose=True)
        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            clss = results[0].boxes.cls.cpu().tolist()
            for box, cls in zip(boxes, clss):
                if model.names[int(cls)] in clswise_count:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] += 1
                else:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] = 1

            analytics.update_bar(clswise_count)
            clswise_count = {}

        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO, solutions

model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("path/to/video/file.mp4")
assert cap.isOpened(), "Error reading video file"
w, h, fps = (int(cap.get(x)) for x in (cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS))

out = cv2.VideoWriter("area_plot.avi", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG"), fps, (w, h))

analytics = solutions.Analytics(
    type="area",
    writer=out,
    im0_shape=(w, h),
    view_img=True,
)

clswise_count = {}
frame_count = 0

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        frame_count += 1
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True, verbose=True)

        if results[0].boxes.id is not None:
            boxes = results[0].boxes.xyxy.cpu()
            clss = results[0].boxes.cls.cpu().tolist()

            for box, cls in zip(boxes, clss):
                if model.names[int(cls)] in clswise_count:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] += 1
                else:
                    clswise_count[model.names[int(cls)]] = 1

        analytics.update_area(frame_count, clswise_count)
        clswise_count = {}
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        break

cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

论据 `Analytics`

下面的表格显示了 Analytics 争论：

名称	类型	默认值	说明
`type`	`str`	`None`	数据或对象类型。
`im0_shape`	`tuple`	`None`	初始图像的形状。
`writer`	`cv2.VideoWriter`	`None`	用于写入视频文件的对象。
`title`	`str`	`ultralytics`	可视化标题。
`x_label`	`str`	`x`	X 轴的标签。
`y_label`	`str`	`y`	y 轴的标签。
`bg_color`	`str`	`white`	背景颜色
`fg_color`	`str`	`black`	前景色
`line_color`	`str`	`yellow`	线条的颜色
`line_width`	`int`	`2`	线条的宽度。
`fontsize`	`int`	`13`	文本字体大小。
`view_img`	`bool`	`False`	显示图像或视频的标志。
`save_img`	`bool`	`True`	标记保存图像或视频。
`max_points`	`int`	`50`	For multiple lines, total points drawn on frame, before deleting initial points.
`points_width`	`int`	`15`	Width of line points highlighter.

论据 `model.track`

名称	类型	默认值	说明
`source`	`im0`	`None`	图像或视频的源目录
`persist`	`bool`	`False`	帧与帧之间的持久轨迹
`tracker`	`str`	`botsort.yaml`	跟踪方法 "bytetrack "或 "botsort
`conf`	`float`	`0.3`	置信度阈值
`iou`	`float`	`0.5`	借据阈值
`classes`	`list`	`None`	按类别筛选结果，即 classes=0，或 classes=[0,2,3]
`verbose`	`bool`	`True`	显示物体跟踪结果

结论

了解何时以及如何使用不同类型的可视化数据对于有效的数据分析至关重要。折线图、柱状图和饼图是基本工具，可以帮助您更清晰、更有效地传达数据信息。

Created 2024-05-23, Updated 2024-06-10
Authors: glenn-jocher (3), IvorZhu331 (1), RizwanMunawar (3)

使用Ultralytics YOLOv8 进行分析 📊

导言

视觉样本

图表为何重要

论据 Analytics

论据 model.track

结论

评论

论据 `Analytics`

论据 `model.track`