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Reference for ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py

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Full source code for this file is available at https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py. Help us fix any issues you see by submitting a Pull Request 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!


ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.ImageEncoderViT

Bases: Module

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
class ImageEncoderViT(nn.Module):

    def __init__(
            self,
            img_size: int = 1024,
            patch_size: int = 16,
            in_chans: int = 3,
            embed_dim: int = 768,
            depth: int = 12,
            num_heads: int = 12,
            mlp_ratio: float = 4.0,
            out_chans: int = 256,
            qkv_bias: bool = True,
            norm_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.LayerNorm,
            act_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
            use_abs_pos: bool = True,
            use_rel_pos: bool = False,
            rel_pos_zero_init: bool = True,
            window_size: int = 0,
            global_attn_indexes: Tuple[int, ...] = (),
    ) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            img_size (int): Input image size.
            patch_size (int): Patch size.
            in_chans (int): Number of input image channels.
            embed_dim (int): Patch embedding dimension.
            depth (int): Depth of ViT.
            num_heads (int): Number of attention heads in each ViT block.
            mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
            qkv_bias (bool): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.
            norm_layer (nn.Module): Normalization layer.
            act_layer (nn.Module): Activation layer.
            use_abs_pos (bool): If True, use absolute positional embeddings.
            use_rel_pos (bool): If True, add relative positional embeddings to the attention map.
            rel_pos_zero_init (bool): If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.
            window_size (int): Window size for window attention blocks.
            global_attn_indexes (list): Indexes for blocks using global attention.
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.img_size = img_size

        self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(
            kernel_size=(patch_size, patch_size),
            stride=(patch_size, patch_size),
            in_chans=in_chans,
            embed_dim=embed_dim,
        )

        self.pos_embed: Optional[nn.Parameter] = None
        if use_abs_pos:
            # Initialize absolute positional embedding with pretrain image size.
            self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, img_size // patch_size, img_size // patch_size, embed_dim))

        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList()
        for i in range(depth):
            block = Block(
                dim=embed_dim,
                num_heads=num_heads,
                mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio,
                qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
                norm_layer=norm_layer,
                act_layer=act_layer,
                use_rel_pos=use_rel_pos,
                rel_pos_zero_init=rel_pos_zero_init,
                window_size=window_size if i not in global_attn_indexes else 0,
                input_size=(img_size // patch_size, img_size // patch_size),
            )
            self.blocks.append(block)

        self.neck = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(
                embed_dim,
                out_chans,
                kernel_size=1,
                bias=False,
            ),
            LayerNorm2d(out_chans),
            nn.Conv2d(
                out_chans,
                out_chans,
                kernel_size=3,
                padding=1,
                bias=False,
            ),
            LayerNorm2d(out_chans),
        )

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        x = self.patch_embed(x)
        if self.pos_embed is not None:
            x = x + self.pos_embed
        for blk in self.blocks:
            x = blk(x)
        return self.neck(x.permute(0, 3, 1, 2))

__init__(img_size=1024, patch_size=16, in_chans=3, embed_dim=768, depth=12, num_heads=12, mlp_ratio=4.0, out_chans=256, qkv_bias=True, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm, act_layer=nn.GELU, use_abs_pos=True, use_rel_pos=False, rel_pos_zero_init=True, window_size=0, global_attn_indexes=())

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
img_size int

Input image size.

1024
patch_size int

Patch size.

16
in_chans int

Number of input image channels.

3
embed_dim int

Patch embedding dimension.

768
depth int

Depth of ViT.

12
num_heads int

Number of attention heads in each ViT block.

12
mlp_ratio float

Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.

4.0
qkv_bias bool

If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.

True
norm_layer Module

Normalization layer.

LayerNorm
act_layer Module

Activation layer.

GELU
use_abs_pos bool

If True, use absolute positional embeddings.

True
use_rel_pos bool

If True, add relative positional embeddings to the attention map.

False
rel_pos_zero_init bool

If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.

True
window_size int

Window size for window attention blocks.

0
global_attn_indexes list

Indexes for blocks using global attention.

()
Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def __init__(
        self,
        img_size: int = 1024,
        patch_size: int = 16,
        in_chans: int = 3,
        embed_dim: int = 768,
        depth: int = 12,
        num_heads: int = 12,
        mlp_ratio: float = 4.0,
        out_chans: int = 256,
        qkv_bias: bool = True,
        norm_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.LayerNorm,
        act_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
        use_abs_pos: bool = True,
        use_rel_pos: bool = False,
        rel_pos_zero_init: bool = True,
        window_size: int = 0,
        global_attn_indexes: Tuple[int, ...] = (),
) -> None:
    """
    Args:
        img_size (int): Input image size.
        patch_size (int): Patch size.
        in_chans (int): Number of input image channels.
        embed_dim (int): Patch embedding dimension.
        depth (int): Depth of ViT.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads in each ViT block.
        mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
        qkv_bias (bool): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.
        norm_layer (nn.Module): Normalization layer.
        act_layer (nn.Module): Activation layer.
        use_abs_pos (bool): If True, use absolute positional embeddings.
        use_rel_pos (bool): If True, add relative positional embeddings to the attention map.
        rel_pos_zero_init (bool): If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.
        window_size (int): Window size for window attention blocks.
        global_attn_indexes (list): Indexes for blocks using global attention.
    """
    super().__init__()
    self.img_size = img_size

    self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(
        kernel_size=(patch_size, patch_size),
        stride=(patch_size, patch_size),
        in_chans=in_chans,
        embed_dim=embed_dim,
    )

    self.pos_embed: Optional[nn.Parameter] = None
    if use_abs_pos:
        # Initialize absolute positional embedding with pretrain image size.
        self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, img_size // patch_size, img_size // patch_size, embed_dim))

    self.blocks = nn.ModuleList()
    for i in range(depth):
        block = Block(
            dim=embed_dim,
            num_heads=num_heads,
            mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio,
            qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
            norm_layer=norm_layer,
            act_layer=act_layer,
            use_rel_pos=use_rel_pos,
            rel_pos_zero_init=rel_pos_zero_init,
            window_size=window_size if i not in global_attn_indexes else 0,
            input_size=(img_size // patch_size, img_size // patch_size),
        )
        self.blocks.append(block)

    self.neck = nn.Sequential(
        nn.Conv2d(
            embed_dim,
            out_chans,
            kernel_size=1,
            bias=False,
        ),
        LayerNorm2d(out_chans),
        nn.Conv2d(
            out_chans,
            out_chans,
            kernel_size=3,
            padding=1,
            bias=False,
        ),
        LayerNorm2d(out_chans),
    )




ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.PromptEncoder

Bases: Module

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
class PromptEncoder(nn.Module):

    def __init__(
        self,
        embed_dim: int,
        image_embedding_size: Tuple[int, int],
        input_image_size: Tuple[int, int],
        mask_in_chans: int,
        activation: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Encodes prompts for input to SAM's mask decoder.

        Args:
          embed_dim (int): The prompts' embedding dimension
          image_embedding_size (tuple(int, int)): The spatial size of the
            image embedding, as (H, W).
          input_image_size (int): The padded size of the image as input
            to the image encoder, as (H, W).
          mask_in_chans (int): The number of hidden channels used for
            encoding input masks.
          activation (nn.Module): The activation to use when encoding
            input masks.
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.input_image_size = input_image_size
        self.image_embedding_size = image_embedding_size
        self.pe_layer = PositionEmbeddingRandom(embed_dim // 2)

        self.num_point_embeddings: int = 4  # pos/neg point + 2 box corners
        point_embeddings = [nn.Embedding(1, embed_dim) for _ in range(self.num_point_embeddings)]
        self.point_embeddings = nn.ModuleList(point_embeddings)
        self.not_a_point_embed = nn.Embedding(1, embed_dim)

        self.mask_input_size = (4 * image_embedding_size[0], 4 * image_embedding_size[1])
        self.mask_downscaling = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(1, mask_in_chans // 4, kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            LayerNorm2d(mask_in_chans // 4),
            activation(),
            nn.Conv2d(mask_in_chans // 4, mask_in_chans, kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            LayerNorm2d(mask_in_chans),
            activation(),
            nn.Conv2d(mask_in_chans, embed_dim, kernel_size=1),
        )
        self.no_mask_embed = nn.Embedding(1, embed_dim)

    def get_dense_pe(self) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Returns the positional encoding used to encode point prompts,
        applied to a dense set of points the shape of the image encoding.

        Returns:
          torch.Tensor: Positional encoding with shape 1x(embed_dim)x(embedding_h)x(embedding_w)
        """
        return self.pe_layer(self.image_embedding_size).unsqueeze(0)

    def _embed_points(
        self,
        points: torch.Tensor,
        labels: torch.Tensor,
        pad: bool,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Embeds point prompts."""
        points = points + 0.5  # Shift to center of pixel
        if pad:
            padding_point = torch.zeros((points.shape[0], 1, 2), device=points.device)
            padding_label = -torch.ones((labels.shape[0], 1), device=labels.device)
            points = torch.cat([points, padding_point], dim=1)
            labels = torch.cat([labels, padding_label], dim=1)
        point_embedding = self.pe_layer.forward_with_coords(points, self.input_image_size)
        point_embedding[labels == -1] = 0.0
        point_embedding[labels == -1] += self.not_a_point_embed.weight
        point_embedding[labels == 0] += self.point_embeddings[0].weight
        point_embedding[labels == 1] += self.point_embeddings[1].weight
        return point_embedding

    def _embed_boxes(self, boxes: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Embeds box prompts."""
        boxes = boxes + 0.5  # Shift to center of pixel
        coords = boxes.reshape(-1, 2, 2)
        corner_embedding = self.pe_layer.forward_with_coords(coords, self.input_image_size)
        corner_embedding[:, 0, :] += self.point_embeddings[2].weight
        corner_embedding[:, 1, :] += self.point_embeddings[3].weight
        return corner_embedding

    def _embed_masks(self, masks: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Embeds mask inputs."""
        return self.mask_downscaling(masks)

    def _get_batch_size(
        self,
        points: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]],
        boxes: Optional[torch.Tensor],
        masks: Optional[torch.Tensor],
    ) -> int:
        """
        Gets the batch size of the output given the batch size of the input prompts.
        """
        if points is not None:
            return points[0].shape[0]
        elif boxes is not None:
            return boxes.shape[0]
        elif masks is not None:
            return masks.shape[0]
        else:
            return 1

    def _get_device(self) -> torch.device:
        return self.point_embeddings[0].weight.device

    def forward(
        self,
        points: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]],
        boxes: Optional[torch.Tensor],
        masks: Optional[torch.Tensor],
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        """
        Embeds different types of prompts, returning both sparse and dense embeddings.

        Args:
          points (tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor), None): point coordinates and labels to embed.
          boxes (torch.Tensor, None): boxes to embed
          masks (torch.Tensor, None): masks to embed

        Returns:
          torch.Tensor: sparse embeddings for the points and boxes, with shape BxNx(embed_dim), where N is determined
            by the number of input points and boxes.
          torch.Tensor: dense embeddings for the masks, in the shape Bx(embed_dim)x(embed_H)x(embed_W)
        """
        bs = self._get_batch_size(points, boxes, masks)
        sparse_embeddings = torch.empty((bs, 0, self.embed_dim), device=self._get_device())
        if points is not None:
            coords, labels = points
            point_embeddings = self._embed_points(coords, labels, pad=(boxes is None))
            sparse_embeddings = torch.cat([sparse_embeddings, point_embeddings], dim=1)
        if boxes is not None:
            box_embeddings = self._embed_boxes(boxes)
            sparse_embeddings = torch.cat([sparse_embeddings, box_embeddings], dim=1)

        if masks is not None:
            dense_embeddings = self._embed_masks(masks)
        else:
            dense_embeddings = self.no_mask_embed.weight.reshape(1, -1, 1,
                                                                 1).expand(bs, -1, self.image_embedding_size[0],
                                                                           self.image_embedding_size[1])

        return sparse_embeddings, dense_embeddings

__init__(embed_dim, image_embedding_size, input_image_size, mask_in_chans, activation=nn.GELU)

Encodes prompts for input to SAM's mask decoder.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
embed_dim int

The prompts' embedding dimension

required
image_embedding_size tuple(int, int

The spatial size of the image embedding, as (H, W).

required
input_image_size int

The padded size of the image as input to the image encoder, as (H, W).

required
mask_in_chans int

The number of hidden channels used for encoding input masks.

required
activation Module

The activation to use when encoding input masks.

GELU
Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def __init__(
    self,
    embed_dim: int,
    image_embedding_size: Tuple[int, int],
    input_image_size: Tuple[int, int],
    mask_in_chans: int,
    activation: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
) -> None:
    """
    Encodes prompts for input to SAM's mask decoder.

    Args:
      embed_dim (int): The prompts' embedding dimension
      image_embedding_size (tuple(int, int)): The spatial size of the
        image embedding, as (H, W).
      input_image_size (int): The padded size of the image as input
        to the image encoder, as (H, W).
      mask_in_chans (int): The number of hidden channels used for
        encoding input masks.
      activation (nn.Module): The activation to use when encoding
        input masks.
    """
    super().__init__()
    self.embed_dim = embed_dim
    self.input_image_size = input_image_size
    self.image_embedding_size = image_embedding_size
    self.pe_layer = PositionEmbeddingRandom(embed_dim // 2)

    self.num_point_embeddings: int = 4  # pos/neg point + 2 box corners
    point_embeddings = [nn.Embedding(1, embed_dim) for _ in range(self.num_point_embeddings)]
    self.point_embeddings = nn.ModuleList(point_embeddings)
    self.not_a_point_embed = nn.Embedding(1, embed_dim)

    self.mask_input_size = (4 * image_embedding_size[0], 4 * image_embedding_size[1])
    self.mask_downscaling = nn.Sequential(
        nn.Conv2d(1, mask_in_chans // 4, kernel_size=2, stride=2),
        LayerNorm2d(mask_in_chans // 4),
        activation(),
        nn.Conv2d(mask_in_chans // 4, mask_in_chans, kernel_size=2, stride=2),
        LayerNorm2d(mask_in_chans),
        activation(),
        nn.Conv2d(mask_in_chans, embed_dim, kernel_size=1),
    )
    self.no_mask_embed = nn.Embedding(1, embed_dim)

forward(points, boxes, masks)

Embeds different types of prompts, returning both sparse and dense embeddings.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
points (tuple(Tensor, Tensor), None)

point coordinates and labels to embed.

required
boxes (Tensor, None)

boxes to embed

required
masks (Tensor, None)

masks to embed

required

Returns:

Type Description
Tensor

torch.Tensor: sparse embeddings for the points and boxes, with shape BxNx(embed_dim), where N is determined by the number of input points and boxes.

Tensor

torch.Tensor: dense embeddings for the masks, in the shape Bx(embed_dim)x(embed_H)x(embed_W)

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def forward(
    self,
    points: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]],
    boxes: Optional[torch.Tensor],
    masks: Optional[torch.Tensor],
) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
    """
    Embeds different types of prompts, returning both sparse and dense embeddings.

    Args:
      points (tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor), None): point coordinates and labels to embed.
      boxes (torch.Tensor, None): boxes to embed
      masks (torch.Tensor, None): masks to embed

    Returns:
      torch.Tensor: sparse embeddings for the points and boxes, with shape BxNx(embed_dim), where N is determined
        by the number of input points and boxes.
      torch.Tensor: dense embeddings for the masks, in the shape Bx(embed_dim)x(embed_H)x(embed_W)
    """
    bs = self._get_batch_size(points, boxes, masks)
    sparse_embeddings = torch.empty((bs, 0, self.embed_dim), device=self._get_device())
    if points is not None:
        coords, labels = points
        point_embeddings = self._embed_points(coords, labels, pad=(boxes is None))
        sparse_embeddings = torch.cat([sparse_embeddings, point_embeddings], dim=1)
    if boxes is not None:
        box_embeddings = self._embed_boxes(boxes)
        sparse_embeddings = torch.cat([sparse_embeddings, box_embeddings], dim=1)

    if masks is not None:
        dense_embeddings = self._embed_masks(masks)
    else:
        dense_embeddings = self.no_mask_embed.weight.reshape(1, -1, 1,
                                                             1).expand(bs, -1, self.image_embedding_size[0],
                                                                       self.image_embedding_size[1])

    return sparse_embeddings, dense_embeddings

get_dense_pe()

Returns the positional encoding used to encode point prompts, applied to a dense set of points the shape of the image encoding.

Returns:

Type Description
Tensor

torch.Tensor: Positional encoding with shape 1x(embed_dim)x(embedding_h)x(embedding_w)

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def get_dense_pe(self) -> torch.Tensor:
    """
    Returns the positional encoding used to encode point prompts,
    applied to a dense set of points the shape of the image encoding.

    Returns:
      torch.Tensor: Positional encoding with shape 1x(embed_dim)x(embedding_h)x(embedding_w)
    """
    return self.pe_layer(self.image_embedding_size).unsqueeze(0)




ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.PositionEmbeddingRandom

Bases: Module

Positional encoding using random spatial frequencies.

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
class PositionEmbeddingRandom(nn.Module):
    """
    Positional encoding using random spatial frequencies.
    """

    def __init__(self, num_pos_feats: int = 64, scale: Optional[float] = None) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        if scale is None or scale <= 0.0:
            scale = 1.0
        self.register_buffer('positional_encoding_gaussian_matrix', scale * torch.randn((2, num_pos_feats)))

        # Set non-deterministic for forward() error 'cumsum_cuda_kernel does not have a deterministic implementation'
        torch.use_deterministic_algorithms(False)
        torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = False

    def _pe_encoding(self, coords: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Positionally encode points that are normalized to [0,1]."""
        # assuming coords are in [0, 1]^2 square and have d_1 x ... x d_n x 2 shape
        coords = 2 * coords - 1
        coords = coords @ self.positional_encoding_gaussian_matrix
        coords = 2 * np.pi * coords
        # outputs d_1 x ... x d_n x C shape
        return torch.cat([torch.sin(coords), torch.cos(coords)], dim=-1)

    def forward(self, size: Tuple[int, int]) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Generate positional encoding for a grid of the specified size."""
        h, w = size
        device: Any = self.positional_encoding_gaussian_matrix.device
        grid = torch.ones((h, w), device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
        y_embed = grid.cumsum(dim=0) - 0.5
        x_embed = grid.cumsum(dim=1) - 0.5
        y_embed = y_embed / h
        x_embed = x_embed / w

        pe = self._pe_encoding(torch.stack([x_embed, y_embed], dim=-1))
        return pe.permute(2, 0, 1)  # C x H x W

    def forward_with_coords(self, coords_input: torch.Tensor, image_size: Tuple[int, int]) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Positionally encode points that are not normalized to [0,1]."""
        coords = coords_input.clone()
        coords[:, :, 0] = coords[:, :, 0] / image_size[1]
        coords[:, :, 1] = coords[:, :, 1] / image_size[0]
        return self._pe_encoding(coords.to(torch.float))  # B x N x C

forward(size)

Generate positional encoding for a grid of the specified size.

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def forward(self, size: Tuple[int, int]) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Generate positional encoding for a grid of the specified size."""
    h, w = size
    device: Any = self.positional_encoding_gaussian_matrix.device
    grid = torch.ones((h, w), device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
    y_embed = grid.cumsum(dim=0) - 0.5
    x_embed = grid.cumsum(dim=1) - 0.5
    y_embed = y_embed / h
    x_embed = x_embed / w

    pe = self._pe_encoding(torch.stack([x_embed, y_embed], dim=-1))
    return pe.permute(2, 0, 1)  # C x H x W

forward_with_coords(coords_input, image_size)

Positionally encode points that are not normalized to [0,1].

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def forward_with_coords(self, coords_input: torch.Tensor, image_size: Tuple[int, int]) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Positionally encode points that are not normalized to [0,1]."""
    coords = coords_input.clone()
    coords[:, :, 0] = coords[:, :, 0] / image_size[1]
    coords[:, :, 1] = coords[:, :, 1] / image_size[0]
    return self._pe_encoding(coords.to(torch.float))  # B x N x C




ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.Block

Bases: Module

Transformer blocks with support of window attention and residual propagation blocks

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
class Block(nn.Module):
    """Transformer blocks with support of window attention and residual propagation blocks"""

    def __init__(
        self,
        dim: int,
        num_heads: int,
        mlp_ratio: float = 4.0,
        qkv_bias: bool = True,
        norm_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.LayerNorm,
        act_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
        use_rel_pos: bool = False,
        rel_pos_zero_init: bool = True,
        window_size: int = 0,
        input_size: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            dim (int): Number of input channels.
            num_heads (int): Number of attention heads in each ViT block.
            mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
            qkv_bias (bool): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.
            norm_layer (nn.Module): Normalization layer.
            act_layer (nn.Module): Activation layer.
            use_rel_pos (bool): If True, add relative positional embeddings to the attention map.
            rel_pos_zero_init (bool): If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.
            window_size (int): Window size for window attention blocks. If it equals 0, then
                use global attention.
            input_size (tuple(int, int), None): Input resolution for calculating the relative
                positional parameter size.
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
        self.attn = Attention(
            dim,
            num_heads=num_heads,
            qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
            use_rel_pos=use_rel_pos,
            rel_pos_zero_init=rel_pos_zero_init,
            input_size=input_size if window_size == 0 else (window_size, window_size),
        )

        self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
        self.mlp = MLPBlock(embedding_dim=dim, mlp_dim=int(dim * mlp_ratio), act=act_layer)

        self.window_size = window_size

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        shortcut = x
        x = self.norm1(x)
        # Window partition
        if self.window_size > 0:
            H, W = x.shape[1], x.shape[2]
            x, pad_hw = window_partition(x, self.window_size)

        x = self.attn(x)
        # Reverse window partition
        if self.window_size > 0:
            x = window_unpartition(x, self.window_size, pad_hw, (H, W))

        x = shortcut + x
        return x + self.mlp(self.norm2(x))

__init__(dim, num_heads, mlp_ratio=4.0, qkv_bias=True, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm, act_layer=nn.GELU, use_rel_pos=False, rel_pos_zero_init=True, window_size=0, input_size=None)

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
dim int

Number of input channels.

required
num_heads int

Number of attention heads in each ViT block.

required
mlp_ratio float

Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.

4.0
qkv_bias bool

If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.

True
norm_layer Module

Normalization layer.

LayerNorm
act_layer Module

Activation layer.

GELU
use_rel_pos bool

If True, add relative positional embeddings to the attention map.

False
rel_pos_zero_init bool

If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.

True
window_size int

Window size for window attention blocks. If it equals 0, then use global attention.

0
input_size (tuple(int, int), None)

Input resolution for calculating the relative positional parameter size.

None
Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def __init__(
    self,
    dim: int,
    num_heads: int,
    mlp_ratio: float = 4.0,
    qkv_bias: bool = True,
    norm_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.LayerNorm,
    act_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
    use_rel_pos: bool = False,
    rel_pos_zero_init: bool = True,
    window_size: int = 0,
    input_size: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,
) -> None:
    """
    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads in each ViT block.
        mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
        qkv_bias (bool): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.
        norm_layer (nn.Module): Normalization layer.
        act_layer (nn.Module): Activation layer.
        use_rel_pos (bool): If True, add relative positional embeddings to the attention map.
        rel_pos_zero_init (bool): If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.
        window_size (int): Window size for window attention blocks. If it equals 0, then
            use global attention.
        input_size (tuple(int, int), None): Input resolution for calculating the relative
            positional parameter size.
    """
    super().__init__()
    self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
    self.attn = Attention(
        dim,
        num_heads=num_heads,
        qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
        use_rel_pos=use_rel_pos,
        rel_pos_zero_init=rel_pos_zero_init,
        input_size=input_size if window_size == 0 else (window_size, window_size),
    )

    self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
    self.mlp = MLPBlock(embedding_dim=dim, mlp_dim=int(dim * mlp_ratio), act=act_layer)

    self.window_size = window_size




ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.Attention

Bases: Module

Multi-head Attention block with relative position embeddings.

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
class Attention(nn.Module):
    """Multi-head Attention block with relative position embeddings."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        dim: int,
        num_heads: int = 8,
        qkv_bias: bool = True,
        use_rel_pos: bool = False,
        rel_pos_zero_init: bool = True,
        input_size: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            dim (int): Number of input channels.
            num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
            qkv_bias (bool):  If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.
            rel_pos_zero_init (bool): If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.
            input_size (tuple(int, int), None): Input resolution for calculating the relative
                positional parameter size.
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        self.scale = head_dim ** -0.5

        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)

        self.use_rel_pos = use_rel_pos
        if self.use_rel_pos:
            assert (input_size is not None), 'Input size must be provided if using relative positional encoding.'
            # initialize relative positional embeddings
            self.rel_pos_h = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(2 * input_size[0] - 1, head_dim))
            self.rel_pos_w = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(2 * input_size[1] - 1, head_dim))

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        B, H, W, _ = x.shape
        # qkv with shape (3, B, nHead, H * W, C)
        qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, H * W, 3, self.num_heads, -1).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        # q, k, v with shape (B * nHead, H * W, C)
        q, k, v = qkv.reshape(3, B * self.num_heads, H * W, -1).unbind(0)

        attn = (q * self.scale) @ k.transpose(-2, -1)

        if self.use_rel_pos:
            attn = add_decomposed_rel_pos(attn, q, self.rel_pos_h, self.rel_pos_w, (H, W), (H, W))

        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
        x = (attn @ v).view(B, self.num_heads, H, W, -1).permute(0, 2, 3, 1, 4).reshape(B, H, W, -1)
        return self.proj(x)

__init__(dim, num_heads=8, qkv_bias=True, use_rel_pos=False, rel_pos_zero_init=True, input_size=None)

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
dim int

Number of input channels.

required
num_heads int

Number of attention heads.

8
qkv_bias bool

If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.

True
rel_pos_zero_init bool

If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.

True
input_size (tuple(int, int), None)

Input resolution for calculating the relative positional parameter size.

None
Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def __init__(
    self,
    dim: int,
    num_heads: int = 8,
    qkv_bias: bool = True,
    use_rel_pos: bool = False,
    rel_pos_zero_init: bool = True,
    input_size: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,
) -> None:
    """
    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        qkv_bias (bool):  If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.
        rel_pos_zero_init (bool): If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.
        input_size (tuple(int, int), None): Input resolution for calculating the relative
            positional parameter size.
    """
    super().__init__()
    self.num_heads = num_heads
    head_dim = dim // num_heads
    self.scale = head_dim ** -0.5

    self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
    self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)

    self.use_rel_pos = use_rel_pos
    if self.use_rel_pos:
        assert (input_size is not None), 'Input size must be provided if using relative positional encoding.'
        # initialize relative positional embeddings
        self.rel_pos_h = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(2 * input_size[0] - 1, head_dim))
        self.rel_pos_w = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(2 * input_size[1] - 1, head_dim))




ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.PatchEmbed

Bases: Module

Image to Patch Embedding.

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    """
    Image to Patch Embedding.
    """

    def __init__(
            self,
            kernel_size: Tuple[int, int] = (16, 16),
            stride: Tuple[int, int] = (16, 16),
            padding: Tuple[int, int] = (0, 0),
            in_chans: int = 3,
            embed_dim: int = 768,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            kernel_size (Tuple): kernel size of the projection layer.
            stride (Tuple): stride of the projection layer.
            padding (Tuple): padding size of the projection layer.
            in_chans (int): Number of input image channels.
            embed_dim (int): Patch embedding dimension.
        """
        super().__init__()

        self.proj = nn.Conv2d(in_chans, embed_dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding)

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return self.proj(x).permute(0, 2, 3, 1)  # B C H W -> B H W C

__init__(kernel_size=(16, 16), stride=(16, 16), padding=(0, 0), in_chans=3, embed_dim=768)

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
kernel_size Tuple

kernel size of the projection layer.

(16, 16)
stride Tuple

stride of the projection layer.

(16, 16)
padding Tuple

padding size of the projection layer.

(0, 0)
in_chans int

Number of input image channels.

3
embed_dim int

Patch embedding dimension.

768
Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def __init__(
        self,
        kernel_size: Tuple[int, int] = (16, 16),
        stride: Tuple[int, int] = (16, 16),
        padding: Tuple[int, int] = (0, 0),
        in_chans: int = 3,
        embed_dim: int = 768,
) -> None:
    """
    Args:
        kernel_size (Tuple): kernel size of the projection layer.
        stride (Tuple): stride of the projection layer.
        padding (Tuple): padding size of the projection layer.
        in_chans (int): Number of input image channels.
        embed_dim (int): Patch embedding dimension.
    """
    super().__init__()

    self.proj = nn.Conv2d(in_chans, embed_dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding)




ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.window_partition(x, window_size)

Partition into non-overlapping windows with padding if needed. Args: x (tensor): input tokens with [B, H, W, C]. window_size (int): window size.

Returns:

Name Type Description
windows Tensor

windows after partition with [B * num_windows, window_size, window_size, C].

(Hp, Wp)

padded height and width before partition

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def window_partition(x: torch.Tensor, window_size: int) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Tuple[int, int]]:
    """
    Partition into non-overlapping windows with padding if needed.
    Args:
        x (tensor): input tokens with [B, H, W, C].
        window_size (int): window size.

    Returns:
        windows: windows after partition with [B * num_windows, window_size, window_size, C].
        (Hp, Wp): padded height and width before partition
    """
    B, H, W, C = x.shape

    pad_h = (window_size - H % window_size) % window_size
    pad_w = (window_size - W % window_size) % window_size
    if pad_h > 0 or pad_w > 0:
        x = F.pad(x, (0, 0, 0, pad_w, 0, pad_h))
    Hp, Wp = H + pad_h, W + pad_w

    x = x.view(B, Hp // window_size, window_size, Wp // window_size, window_size, C)
    windows = x.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().view(-1, window_size, window_size, C)
    return windows, (Hp, Wp)




ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.window_unpartition(windows, window_size, pad_hw, hw)

Window unpartition into original sequences and removing padding. Args: windows (tensor): input tokens with [B * num_windows, window_size, window_size, C]. window_size (int): window size. pad_hw (Tuple): padded height and width (Hp, Wp). hw (Tuple): original height and width (H, W) before padding.

Returns:

Name Type Description
x Tensor

unpartitioned sequences with [B, H, W, C].

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def window_unpartition(windows: torch.Tensor, window_size: int, pad_hw: Tuple[int, int],
                       hw: Tuple[int, int]) -> torch.Tensor:
    """
    Window unpartition into original sequences and removing padding.
    Args:
        windows (tensor): input tokens with [B * num_windows, window_size, window_size, C].
        window_size (int): window size.
        pad_hw (Tuple): padded height and width (Hp, Wp).
        hw (Tuple): original height and width (H, W) before padding.

    Returns:
        x: unpartitioned sequences with [B, H, W, C].
    """
    Hp, Wp = pad_hw
    H, W = hw
    B = windows.shape[0] // (Hp * Wp // window_size // window_size)
    x = windows.view(B, Hp // window_size, Wp // window_size, window_size, window_size, -1)
    x = x.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().view(B, Hp, Wp, -1)

    if Hp > H or Wp > W:
        x = x[:, :H, :W, :].contiguous()
    return x




ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.get_rel_pos(q_size, k_size, rel_pos)

Get relative positional embeddings according to the relative positions of query and key sizes. Args: q_size (int): size of query q. k_size (int): size of key k. rel_pos (Tensor): relative position embeddings (L, C).

Returns:

Type Description
Tensor

Extracted positional embeddings according to relative positions.

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def get_rel_pos(q_size: int, k_size: int, rel_pos: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
    """
    Get relative positional embeddings according to the relative positions of
        query and key sizes.
    Args:
        q_size (int): size of query q.
        k_size (int): size of key k.
        rel_pos (Tensor): relative position embeddings (L, C).

    Returns:
        Extracted positional embeddings according to relative positions.
    """
    max_rel_dist = int(2 * max(q_size, k_size) - 1)
    # Interpolate rel pos if needed.
    if rel_pos.shape[0] != max_rel_dist:
        # Interpolate rel pos.
        rel_pos_resized = F.interpolate(
            rel_pos.reshape(1, rel_pos.shape[0], -1).permute(0, 2, 1),
            size=max_rel_dist,
            mode='linear',
        )
        rel_pos_resized = rel_pos_resized.reshape(-1, max_rel_dist).permute(1, 0)
    else:
        rel_pos_resized = rel_pos

    # Scale the coords with short length if shapes for q and k are different.
    q_coords = torch.arange(q_size)[:, None] * max(k_size / q_size, 1.0)
    k_coords = torch.arange(k_size)[None, :] * max(q_size / k_size, 1.0)
    relative_coords = (q_coords - k_coords) + (k_size - 1) * max(q_size / k_size, 1.0)

    return rel_pos_resized[relative_coords.long()]




ultralytics.models.sam.modules.encoders.add_decomposed_rel_pos(attn, q, rel_pos_h, rel_pos_w, q_size, k_size)

Calculate decomposed Relative Positional Embeddings from :paper:mvitv2. https://github.com/facebookresearch/mvit/blob/19786631e330df9f3622e5402b4a419a263a2c80/mvit/models/attention.py # noqa B950 Args: attn (Tensor): attention map. q (Tensor): query q in the attention layer with shape (B, q_h * q_w, C). rel_pos_h (Tensor): relative position embeddings (Lh, C) for height axis. rel_pos_w (Tensor): relative position embeddings (Lw, C) for width axis. q_size (Tuple): spatial sequence size of query q with (q_h, q_w). k_size (Tuple): spatial sequence size of key k with (k_h, k_w).

Returns:

Name Type Description
attn Tensor

attention map with added relative positional embeddings.

Source code in ultralytics/models/sam/modules/encoders.py
def add_decomposed_rel_pos(
    attn: torch.Tensor,
    q: torch.Tensor,
    rel_pos_h: torch.Tensor,
    rel_pos_w: torch.Tensor,
    q_size: Tuple[int, int],
    k_size: Tuple[int, int],
) -> torch.Tensor:
    """
    Calculate decomposed Relative Positional Embeddings from :paper:`mvitv2`.
    https://github.com/facebookresearch/mvit/blob/19786631e330df9f3622e5402b4a419a263a2c80/mvit/models/attention.py   # noqa B950
    Args:
        attn (Tensor): attention map.
        q (Tensor): query q in the attention layer with shape (B, q_h * q_w, C).
        rel_pos_h (Tensor): relative position embeddings (Lh, C) for height axis.
        rel_pos_w (Tensor): relative position embeddings (Lw, C) for width axis.
        q_size (Tuple): spatial sequence size of query q with (q_h, q_w).
        k_size (Tuple): spatial sequence size of key k with (k_h, k_w).

    Returns:
        attn (Tensor): attention map with added relative positional embeddings.
    """
    q_h, q_w = q_size
    k_h, k_w = k_size
    Rh = get_rel_pos(q_h, k_h, rel_pos_h)
    Rw = get_rel_pos(q_w, k_w, rel_pos_w)

    B, _, dim = q.shape
    r_q = q.reshape(B, q_h, q_w, dim)
    rel_h = torch.einsum('bhwc,hkc->bhwk', r_q, Rh)
    rel_w = torch.einsum('bhwc,wkc->bhwk', r_q, Rw)

    attn = (attn.view(B, q_h, q_w, k_h, k_w) + rel_h[:, :, :, :, None] + rel_w[:, :, :, None, :]).view(
        B, q_h * q_w, k_h * k_w)

    return attn




Created 2023-07-16, Updated 2023-08-07
Authors: glenn-jocher (5), Laughing-q (1)