Reference for ultralytics/models/sam/modules/tiny_encoder.py

class Conv2d_BN(torch.nn.Sequential):

    def __init__(self, a, b, ks=1, stride=1, pad=0, dilation=1, groups=1, bn_weight_init=1):
        super().__init__()
        self.add_module('c', torch.nn.Conv2d(a, b, ks, stride, pad, dilation, groups, bias=False))
        bn = torch.nn.BatchNorm2d(b)
        torch.nn.init.constant_(bn.weight, bn_weight_init)
        torch.nn.init.constant_(bn.bias, 0)
        self.add_module('bn', bn)

class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, in_chans, embed_dim, resolution, activation):
        super().__init__()
        img_size: Tuple[int, int] = to_2tuple(resolution)
        self.patches_resolution = (img_size[0] // 4, img_size[1] // 4)
        self.num_patches = self.patches_resolution[0] * self.patches_resolution[1]
        self.in_chans = in_chans
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        n = embed_dim
        self.seq = nn.Sequential(
            Conv2d_BN(in_chans, n // 2, 3, 2, 1),
            activation(),
            Conv2d_BN(n // 2, n, 3, 2, 1),
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.seq(x)

class MBConv(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, in_chans, out_chans, expand_ratio, activation, drop_path):
        super().__init__()
        self.in_chans = in_chans
        self.hidden_chans = int(in_chans * expand_ratio)
        self.out_chans = out_chans

        self.conv1 = Conv2d_BN(in_chans, self.hidden_chans, ks=1)
        self.act1 = activation()

        self.conv2 = Conv2d_BN(self.hidden_chans, self.hidden_chans, ks=3, stride=1, pad=1, groups=self.hidden_chans)
        self.act2 = activation()

        self.conv3 = Conv2d_BN(self.hidden_chans, out_chans, ks=1, bn_weight_init=0.0)
        self.act3 = activation()

        # NOTE: `DropPath` is needed only for training.
        # self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0. else nn.Identity()
        self.drop_path = nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x):
        shortcut = x
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.act1(x)
        x = self.conv2(x)
        x = self.act2(x)
        x = self.conv3(x)
        x = self.drop_path(x)
        x += shortcut
        return self.act3(x)

class PatchMerging(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, input_resolution, dim, out_dim, activation):
        super().__init__()

        self.input_resolution = input_resolution
        self.dim = dim
        self.out_dim = out_dim
        self.act = activation()
        self.conv1 = Conv2d_BN(dim, out_dim, 1, 1, 0)
        stride_c = 1 if out_dim in [320, 448, 576] else 2
        self.conv2 = Conv2d_BN(out_dim, out_dim, 3, stride_c, 1, groups=out_dim)
        self.conv3 = Conv2d_BN(out_dim, out_dim, 1, 1, 0)

    def forward(self, x):
        if x.ndim == 3:
            H, W = self.input_resolution
            B = len(x)
            # (B, C, H, W)
            x = x.view(B, H, W, -1).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)

        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.act(x)

        x = self.conv2(x)
        x = self.act(x)
        x = self.conv3(x)
        return x.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)

class ConvLayer(nn.Module):

    def __init__(
        self,
        dim,
        input_resolution,
        depth,
        activation,
        drop_path=0.,
        downsample=None,
        use_checkpoint=False,
        out_dim=None,
        conv_expand_ratio=4.,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.input_resolution = input_resolution
        self.depth = depth
        self.use_checkpoint = use_checkpoint

        # build blocks
        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([
            MBConv(
                dim,
                dim,
                conv_expand_ratio,
                activation,
                drop_path[i] if isinstance(drop_path, list) else drop_path,
            ) for i in range(depth)])

        # patch merging layer
        self.downsample = None if downsample is None else downsample(
            input_resolution, dim=dim, out_dim=out_dim, activation=activation)

    def forward(self, x):
        for blk in self.blocks:
            x = checkpoint.checkpoint(blk, x) if self.use_checkpoint else blk(x)
        return x if self.downsample is None else self.downsample(x)

class Mlp(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, in_features, hidden_features=None, out_features=None, act_layer=nn.GELU, drop=0.):
        super().__init__()
        out_features = out_features or in_features
        hidden_features = hidden_features or in_features
        self.norm = nn.LayerNorm(in_features)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features, hidden_features)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(hidden_features, out_features)
        self.act = act_layer()
        self.drop = nn.Dropout(drop)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.norm(x)
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.act(x)
        x = self.drop(x)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        return self.drop(x)

class Attention(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(
            self,
            dim,
            key_dim,
            num_heads=8,
            attn_ratio=4,
            resolution=(14, 14),
    ):
        super().__init__()
        # (h, w)
        assert isinstance(resolution, tuple) and len(resolution) == 2
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.scale = key_dim ** -0.5
        self.key_dim = key_dim
        self.nh_kd = nh_kd = key_dim * num_heads
        self.d = int(attn_ratio * key_dim)
        self.dh = int(attn_ratio * key_dim) * num_heads
        self.attn_ratio = attn_ratio
        h = self.dh + nh_kd * 2

        self.norm = nn.LayerNorm(dim)
        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, h)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(self.dh, dim)

        points = list(itertools.product(range(resolution[0]), range(resolution[1])))
        N = len(points)
        attention_offsets = {}
        idxs = []
        for p1 in points:
            for p2 in points:
                offset = (abs(p1[0] - p2[0]), abs(p1[1] - p2[1]))
                if offset not in attention_offsets:
                    attention_offsets[offset] = len(attention_offsets)
                idxs.append(attention_offsets[offset])
        self.attention_biases = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_heads, len(attention_offsets)))
        self.register_buffer('attention_bias_idxs', torch.LongTensor(idxs).view(N, N), persistent=False)

    @torch.no_grad()
    def train(self, mode=True):
        super().train(mode)
        if mode and hasattr(self, 'ab'):
            del self.ab
        else:
            self.ab = self.attention_biases[:, self.attention_bias_idxs]

    def forward(self, x):  # x (B,N,C)
        B, N, _ = x.shape

        # Normalization
        x = self.norm(x)

        qkv = self.qkv(x)
        # (B, N, num_heads, d)
        q, k, v = qkv.view(B, N, self.num_heads, -1).split([self.key_dim, self.key_dim, self.d], dim=3)
        # (B, num_heads, N, d)
        q = q.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        k = k.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        v = v.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        self.ab = self.ab.to(self.attention_biases.device)

        attn = ((q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * self.scale +
                (self.attention_biases[:, self.attention_bias_idxs] if self.training else self.ab))
        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N, self.dh)
        return self.proj(x)

class TinyViTBlock(nn.Module):
    """
    TinyViT Block.

    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        input_resolution (tuple[int, int]): Input resolution.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        window_size (int): Window size.
        mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
        drop (float, optional): Dropout rate. Default: 0.0
        drop_path (float, optional): Stochastic depth rate. Default: 0.0
        local_conv_size (int): the kernel size of the convolution between Attention and MLP. Default: 3
        activation (torch.nn): the activation function. Default: nn.GELU
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        dim,
        input_resolution,
        num_heads,
        window_size=7,
        mlp_ratio=4.,
        drop=0.,
        drop_path=0.,
        local_conv_size=3,
        activation=nn.GELU,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.input_resolution = input_resolution
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        assert window_size > 0, 'window_size must be greater than 0'
        self.window_size = window_size
        self.mlp_ratio = mlp_ratio

        # NOTE: `DropPath` is needed only for training.
        # self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0. else nn.Identity()
        self.drop_path = nn.Identity()

        assert dim % num_heads == 0, 'dim must be divisible by num_heads'
        head_dim = dim // num_heads

        window_resolution = (window_size, window_size)
        self.attn = Attention(dim, head_dim, num_heads, attn_ratio=1, resolution=window_resolution)

        mlp_hidden_dim = int(dim * mlp_ratio)
        mlp_activation = activation
        self.mlp = Mlp(in_features=dim, hidden_features=mlp_hidden_dim, act_layer=mlp_activation, drop=drop)

        pad = local_conv_size // 2
        self.local_conv = Conv2d_BN(dim, dim, ks=local_conv_size, stride=1, pad=pad, groups=dim)

    def forward(self, x):
        H, W = self.input_resolution
        B, L, C = x.shape
        assert L == H * W, 'input feature has wrong size'
        res_x = x
        if H == self.window_size and W == self.window_size:
            x = self.attn(x)
        else:
            x = x.view(B, H, W, C)
            pad_b = (self.window_size - H % self.window_size) % self.window_size
            pad_r = (self.window_size - W % self.window_size) % self.window_size
            padding = pad_b > 0 or pad_r > 0

            if padding:
                x = F.pad(x, (0, 0, 0, pad_r, 0, pad_b))

            pH, pW = H + pad_b, W + pad_r
            nH = pH // self.window_size
            nW = pW // self.window_size
            # window partition
            x = x.view(B, nH, self.window_size, nW, self.window_size,
                       C).transpose(2, 3).reshape(B * nH * nW, self.window_size * self.window_size, C)
            x = self.attn(x)
            # window reverse
            x = x.view(B, nH, nW, self.window_size, self.window_size, C).transpose(2, 3).reshape(B, pH, pW, C)

            if padding:
                x = x[:, :H, :W].contiguous()

            x = x.view(B, L, C)

        x = res_x + self.drop_path(x)

        x = x.transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, C, H, W)
        x = self.local_conv(x)
        x = x.view(B, C, L).transpose(1, 2)

        return x + self.drop_path(self.mlp(x))

    def extra_repr(self) -> str:
        return f'dim={self.dim}, input_resolution={self.input_resolution}, num_heads={self.num_heads}, ' \
               f'window_size={self.window_size}, mlp_ratio={self.mlp_ratio}'

class BasicLayer(nn.Module):
    """
    A basic TinyViT layer for one stage.

    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        input_resolution (tuple[int]): Input resolution.
        depth (int): Number of blocks.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        window_size (int): Local window size.
        mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
        drop (float, optional): Dropout rate. Default: 0.0
        drop_path (float | tuple[float], optional): Stochastic depth rate. Default: 0.0
        downsample (nn.Module | None, optional): Downsample layer at the end of the layer. Default: None
        use_checkpoint (bool): Whether to use checkpointing to save memory. Default: False.
        local_conv_size (int): the kernel size of the depthwise convolution between attention and MLP. Default: 3
        activation (torch.nn): the activation function. Default: nn.GELU
        out_dim (int | optional): the output dimension of the layer. Default: None
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        dim,
        input_resolution,
        depth,
        num_heads,
        window_size,
        mlp_ratio=4.,
        drop=0.,
        drop_path=0.,
        downsample=None,
        use_checkpoint=False,
        local_conv_size=3,
        activation=nn.GELU,
        out_dim=None,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.input_resolution = input_resolution
        self.depth = depth
        self.use_checkpoint = use_checkpoint

        # build blocks
        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([
            TinyViTBlock(
                dim=dim,
                input_resolution=input_resolution,
                num_heads=num_heads,
                window_size=window_size,
                mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio,
                drop=drop,
                drop_path=drop_path[i] if isinstance(drop_path, list) else drop_path,
                local_conv_size=local_conv_size,
                activation=activation,
            ) for i in range(depth)])

        # patch merging layer
        self.downsample = None if downsample is None else downsample(
            input_resolution, dim=dim, out_dim=out_dim, activation=activation)

    def forward(self, x):
        for blk in self.blocks:
            x = checkpoint.checkpoint(blk, x) if self.use_checkpoint else blk(x)
        return x if self.downsample is None else self.downsample(x)

    def extra_repr(self) -> str:
        return f'dim={self.dim}, input_resolution={self.input_resolution}, depth={self.depth}'

class LayerNorm2d(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, num_channels: int, eps: float = 1e-6) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(num_channels))
        self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_channels))
        self.eps = eps

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        u = x.mean(1, keepdim=True)
        s = (x - u).pow(2).mean(1, keepdim=True)
        x = (x - u) / torch.sqrt(s + self.eps)
        return self.weight[:, None, None] * x + self.bias[:, None, None]

class TinyViT(nn.Module):

    def __init__(
        self,
        img_size=224,
        in_chans=3,
        num_classes=1000,
        embed_dims=[96, 192, 384, 768],
        depths=[2, 2, 6, 2],
        num_heads=[3, 6, 12, 24],
        window_sizes=[7, 7, 14, 7],
        mlp_ratio=4.,
        drop_rate=0.,
        drop_path_rate=0.1,
        use_checkpoint=False,
        mbconv_expand_ratio=4.0,
        local_conv_size=3,
        layer_lr_decay=1.0,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.img_size = img_size
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.depths = depths
        self.num_layers = len(depths)
        self.mlp_ratio = mlp_ratio

        activation = nn.GELU

        self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(in_chans=in_chans,
                                      embed_dim=embed_dims[0],
                                      resolution=img_size,
                                      activation=activation)

        patches_resolution = self.patch_embed.patches_resolution
        self.patches_resolution = patches_resolution

        # stochastic depth
        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, sum(depths))]  # stochastic depth decay rule

        # build layers
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList()
        for i_layer in range(self.num_layers):
            kwargs = dict(
                dim=embed_dims[i_layer],
                input_resolution=(patches_resolution[0] // (2 ** (i_layer - 1 if i_layer == 3 else i_layer)),
                                  patches_resolution[1] // (2 ** (i_layer - 1 if i_layer == 3 else i_layer))),
                #   input_resolution=(patches_resolution[0] // (2 ** i_layer),
                #                     patches_resolution[1] // (2 ** i_layer)),
                depth=depths[i_layer],
                drop_path=dpr[sum(depths[:i_layer]):sum(depths[:i_layer + 1])],
                downsample=PatchMerging if (i_layer < self.num_layers - 1) else None,
                use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint,
                out_dim=embed_dims[min(i_layer + 1,
                                       len(embed_dims) - 1)],
                activation=activation,
            )
            if i_layer == 0:
                layer = ConvLayer(conv_expand_ratio=mbconv_expand_ratio, **kwargs)
            else:
                layer = BasicLayer(num_heads=num_heads[i_layer],
                                   window_size=window_sizes[i_layer],
                                   mlp_ratio=self.mlp_ratio,
                                   drop=drop_rate,
                                   local_conv_size=local_conv_size,
                                   **kwargs)
            self.layers.append(layer)

        # Classifier head
        self.norm_head = nn.LayerNorm(embed_dims[-1])
        self.head = nn.Linear(embed_dims[-1], num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else torch.nn.Identity()

        # init weights
        self.apply(self._init_weights)
        self.set_layer_lr_decay(layer_lr_decay)
        self.neck = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(
                embed_dims[-1],
                256,
                kernel_size=1,
                bias=False,
            ),
            LayerNorm2d(256),
            nn.Conv2d(
                256,
                256,
                kernel_size=3,
                padding=1,
                bias=False,
            ),
            LayerNorm2d(256),
        )

    def set_layer_lr_decay(self, layer_lr_decay):
        decay_rate = layer_lr_decay

        # layers -> blocks (depth)
        depth = sum(self.depths)
        lr_scales = [decay_rate ** (depth - i - 1) for i in range(depth)]

        def _set_lr_scale(m, scale):
            for p in m.parameters():
                p.lr_scale = scale

        self.patch_embed.apply(lambda x: _set_lr_scale(x, lr_scales[0]))
        i = 0
        for layer in self.layers:
            for block in layer.blocks:
                block.apply(lambda x: _set_lr_scale(x, lr_scales[i]))
                i += 1
            if layer.downsample is not None:
                layer.downsample.apply(lambda x: _set_lr_scale(x, lr_scales[i - 1]))
        assert i == depth
        for m in [self.norm_head, self.head]:
            m.apply(lambda x: _set_lr_scale(x, lr_scales[-1]))

        for k, p in self.named_parameters():
            p.param_name = k

        def _check_lr_scale(m):
            for p in m.parameters():
                assert hasattr(p, 'lr_scale'), p.param_name

        self.apply(_check_lr_scale)

    def _init_weights(self, m):
        if isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
            # NOTE: This initialization is needed only for training.
            # trunc_normal_(m.weight, std=.02)
            if m.bias is not None:
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
        elif isinstance(m, nn.LayerNorm):
            nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1.0)

    @torch.jit.ignore
    def no_weight_decay_keywords(self):
        return {'attention_biases'}

    def forward_features(self, x):
        # x: (N, C, H, W)
        x = self.patch_embed(x)

        x = self.layers[0](x)
        start_i = 1

        for i in range(start_i, len(self.layers)):
            layer = self.layers[i]
            x = layer(x)
        B, _, C = x.size()
        x = x.view(B, 64, 64, C)
        x = x.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        return self.neck(x)

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.forward_features(x)